Long tongue

Pangolins have a remarkably long, sticky tongue that is specially adapted for catching their favorite food—ants and termites. The tongue can extend far beyond the mouth, allowing a pangolin to reach deep into narrow insect tunnels and nests where its claws cannot easily reach. This gives the animal access to insects hidden inside tree trunks, soil, and termite mounds.

The tongue is covered with sticky saliva that helps ants and termites adhere to it. A pangolin can rapidly extend and retract its tongue, collecting large numbers of insects in a short time. Because pangolins do not have teeth, their tongue plays an especially important role in feeding and is one of their most specialized adaptations.

The long tongue also allows pangolins to feed while keeping much of their vulnerable body protected. After breaking open an insect nest with their powerful claws, they can remain relatively safe while reaching into the opening with their tongue. This combination of strong claws, a long sticky tongue, and protective scales makes the pangolin highly specialized for an insect-eating lifestyle.